Hormone Replacement Therapy

Property of mixtures of conjugated equine estrogens (EEC), the common form of HRT, and progestin, although not progesterone, the alignment of their effects. Studies have shown that certain risks associated with these combinations of equine estrogens and progestogens. Since these were more frequent and longer, many more studies of this type of hormones, that some of the new forms with new systems and thus more is known about them. Or is there no such risks, other forms of estrogens and progesterone, and other systems are not yet seen.

Bioidentical forms of estrogen and progesterone have not been comprehensively investigated. This distinction is important because the adverse biological effects of xenoestrogens and progestogens used in the study of Premarin and Prempro are not necessarily generalize to human forms with addition of estrogen and progesterone. For example, a pilot study in JAMA by Smith, Bert Stern, et al. [1] found clinical evidence that oral conjugated equine estrogens causes clotting, but the estrogenic compounds tested in the same study, bioidentical esterified estrogens, no. Conjugated equine estrogens are found with increased venous thrombotic risk. In stark contrast, the study found that users of esterified estrogen had no increase in venous thrombotic risk.

Moreover, the method of administration may be as important as the type of estrogen administered. For example, a large study published in The Lancet Scarabino et al. [2] compared the effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen skin patch (especially beta-oestradiol-17, the "bioidentical human estrogen) and found that oral administration was associated with an increase of 3-times the risk of venous coagulation disorders (thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism), while the patch does not result in excess risk. This difference is probably due to the fact that transdermal estrogen is absorbed directly into the bloodstream, whereas oral estrogen and changes in the liver before release into the bloodstream.

Studies find negative effects on the health of the equine estrogens and progestogens have been reported often, wrongly, as the effects of estrogen and progesterone. " It is important to the usual inaccurate generalization in the review of the reports. On the other hand, creams, gels, etc., the word "bioidentical" hormone compounds preparations own pharmacies are not subject to FDA regulation or oversight, so that the delivered dose and blood levels of the hormone can be unpredictable and highly variable, and less large-scale studies of these elements.

It has become increasingly clear that oral estrogen and progestin pills horses may be a number of risks, including the risks of worsening problems in the liver or gall bladder and dangerous blood clots. Long-term use of equine estrogens probably increases the risk of breast cancer. [3]. In women with a uterus, therapy with equine estrogen, progesterone unanimously by, it is widely recognized to reduce the risk of uterine cancer in women with intact uterus lining. This combination of ownership may also impact on the level of triglycerides in the blood and increase the risk for adverse cardiovascular events. Although HRT with equine estrogens and progestogens once widely thought to promote cardiovascular health in women, 4 February 2004, the American Heart Association guidelines stated that they do not as an agent of the health center to increase or decrease the chances of cardiovascular disease.

In 2006, the results of large, ongoing study by the Harvard nursing observation showed that a pill containing a combination of estrogen with methyl testosterone (a synthetic analogue of testosterone) had an increased risk of breast cancer than those who are not methyl testosterone. Unfortunately there are few or no studies have tested the safety or benefits of bioidentical testosterone, or low doses of the pill is not the administration of testosterone, avoiding the first pass through the liver.

Because of the risks and potential problems for the equine oestrogens and progestogens, a number of alternative therapies have been developed, including lifestyle changes, botanical hormone no chemotherapy (phytoestrogens), and bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. To reduce the risk of osteoporosis without hormones, dietary changes, the absorption of calcium, exercise and drugs such as biphosphates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, or have been tried.

HRT is more effective than the pursuit of reversing the effects of aging on muscles.